Favre averaged Navier-Stokes equations

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Instantaneuos Equations

The instantaneous continuity equation (1), momentum equation (2) and energy equation (3) for a compressible fluid can be written as:

	(1)
	(2)
	(3)

For a Newtonian fluid, assuming Stokes Law for mono-atomic gases, the viscous stress is given by:

(4)

Where the trace-less viscous strain-rate is defined by:

(5)

The heat-flux, , is given by Fourier's law:

(6)

Where the laminar Prandtl number is defined by:

(7)

To close these equations it is also necessary to specify an equation of state. Assuming a calorically perfect gas the following relations are valid:

(8)

Where , , and are constant.

The total energy is defined by:

(9)

Note that the corresponding expression

Insert Reference

for Favre averaged turbulent flows contains an extra term related to the turbulent energy.

Equations (1)-(9), supplemented with gas data for , , and perhaps , form a closed set of partial differential equations, and need only be complemented with boundary conditions.

Favre Averaged Equations

It is not possible to solve the instantaneous equations directly for the applications of interest here. At the Reynolds numbers typically present in a turbine these equations have very chaotic turbulent solutions, and it is necessary to model the influence of the smallest scales. All turbulence models used in this work are based on one-point averaging of the instantaneous equations. The averaging procedure used is described in the next sections.

Averaging

Let be any dependent variable. It is convenient to define two different types of averaging of :

• Classical time average (Reynolds average):

	(10)

• Density weighted time average (Favre average):

	(11)

Note that with the above definitions , but .