Two equation turbulence models

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Two-equation turbulence models are one of the most common type of turbulence models. Models like the k-epsilon model and the k-omega model have become industry standard models and are commonly used for most type of engineering problems. Two-equation turbulence models are also very much still an active area of research and new refined two-equation models are still being developed.

By definition, two-equation models have two extra transport equations to represent the turbulent properties of the flow. Most often one of the transported variables is the turbulent energy, $k$ . The second transported variable can vary depending on what type of two-equation model it is. Common choices are the turbulent dissipation, $\epsilon$ or the specific dissipation, $\omega$ . The second variable can be thought of as the variable that determines the scale of the turbulence (length-scale or time-scale), whereas the first variable, $k$ , determines the energy in the turbulence.

The basis for all two-equation models is the Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption, which postulates that the Reynolds stress tensor is proportional to the mean strain rate tensor:

$\tau_{ij} = 2 \, \mu_t \, S_{ij}$

Or the same equation written more explicitly:

$-\overline{\rho u'_i u'_j} = \mu_t \, \left( \frac{\partial U_i}{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial U_j}{\partial x_i} \right)$

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Two equation turbulence models

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