For a commercial aircraft to obtain a type design 
certification, it must be shown to sustain safe flight into 
known or inadvertent icing conditions. The icing certification 
process involves CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analyses, 
wind and icing tunnel testing (EFD: Experimental Fluid 
Dynamics), and demonstration of compliance through flight 
testing with artificial shapes and in natural icing (FFD: 
Flight Fluid Dynamics).It only makes sense that if advanced 3-
D CFD methods are the basis of maximizing aerodynamic 
performance, no less powerful methods should be used to 
minimize potential performance degradation due to in-flight 
icing. Critical conditions and related aerodynamic penalties 
based on 2-D airfoil calculations may be inaccurate, 
misleading, and sometimes dangerous. Asking ChatGPT the 
following two questions and reading the definitive answers 
should be sufficient incentive to attend the course:

To ChatGPT:
If a 2-D analysis shows that the flow over a section of an 
aircraft will separate, will it separate over the wing?

To ChatGPT:
Is a 2-D ice accretion analysis valid or accurate over an 
aircraft winglet?

The course is thus based on the fact that airfoils don’t fly; 
only aircraft do by convincingly demonstrating the importance 
of analyzing the complete aircraft (fuselage, wing, engines, 
nacelles, cockpit windows, sensors, probes, IPS, etc.) as an 
interconnected system and not as an assemblage of isolated 
components.

First, the course demonstrates how using the same class of 3-D 
CFD methods for icing degradation and aerodynamic performance 
permits the inclusion of ice protection requirements at the 
aerodynamic design stage. Homogeneous CFD-Aero and CFD-Icing 
methodologies then allow a comprehensive exploration of the 
combined aerodynamics/icing envelopes, optimal IPS design, and 
focused wind tunnels/icing tunnels/flight tests. This leads to 
an easier-to-certificate, safer aircraft that is problem-free 
during operation.

Secondly, the course shows how Reduced Order Modeling (ROM: a 
manifestation of Machine Learning and AI) can encapsulate such
complex 3-D CFD methodologies in a comprehensive PC-based 
simulator, enabling the exploration of the aerodynamics/icing 
envelopes in minutes without acquiring expensive CFD software, 
carrying out time-consuming mesh generation, or idly awaiting 
results of flow + impingement accretion + degradation for a 
“complete aircraft, with appendages”, for hours or days.

Thirdly, the course highlights how ROM technology extends to 
EFD (by minimizing the required number of experiments or tests 
and reducing the number of measurements needed) and to FFD 
(flight risk mitigation, confirming via CFD the acquired dry 
shapes and natural icing data, and provide a complete map of 
the appendices by verifiably predicting performance at points 
that could not be encountered in flight).

ROM is clearly shown to be a comprehensive methodology ideal 
for CbA. It can speed up CFD, reduce the cost of manpower and 
material for EFD, and give a much more complete picture of FFD 
performance in all three appendices. Most importantly, it 
allows OEMs and second and third-tier suppliers to use the 
same advanced simulation tools. The ROI of a ROM-based 
certification is considerable in terms of time, savings, and, 
most importantly, safety.

The course is structured to be of equal interest to 
aerodynamicists, icing/environmental systems/flight simulation 
specialists, DARs, and regulators. Detailed knowledge of CFD 
is not necessary, thanks to ROM.

The comprehensive lectures cover the major aspects of in-
flight icing simulation, ice protection systems, and handling 
quality issues. The instructors bring an amalgam of CFD-EFD-
FFD knowledge as scientists who developed icing codes widely 
used internationally and with certification experience for 
wind and icing tunnel testing, as well as artificial shapes 
and natural icing campaigns.

• The course will be online, using ZOOM, from Monday, January 
27 to Friday, January 31, 2025.

• The course will tentatively (depending on final 
participants' time zones) start at 8 a.m. and end at 11 a.m. 
EDT.

• Course final confirmation will start at 10 participants, and 
registration will close at 20 participants.

• The course reserves the right to accept or refuse 
participants.

• To promote interaction and to prevent the proliferation of 
the course content:

o Attendees will be requested to leave their video feeds on,

o Videotaping will not be permitted,

o Course notes will be available to attendees for six months 
on a dedicated website without downloading.